ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the antimalarial activity of the ethylacetate and butanol fractions of Combretum nigricans (C. nigricans) leaf extract in mice.Methods: C. nigricans solvent (butanol and ethylacetate) fractions were screened for their phytochemical constituents using standard procedures illustrated by Harborne and Evans.The Peters' 4-day suppressive test against early malaria infection, Rane's curative test against established malaria and prophylactic test for residual activity were employed for evaluating the antimalarial potential in mice.Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins,and flavonoids in both fractions at different intensity. Both fractions exhibited significant antimalarial activity in all test models (P<0.05). The ethylacetate fraction of C. nigricans had better chemosuppressive and curative effects compared to the butanol fraction, which however,elicited a better chemoprophylactic effect. The chemosuppressive effect of C. nigricans ethylacetate fraction (200-800 mg/kg) was 77.6％, 69.1％ and 86.1％; curative effect was 62.3％, 71.3％ and 72.4％; while the chemoprophylactic activity was 32.1％, 48.6％ and 61.2％ respectively. C. nigricans butanol fraction (200-800 mg/kg) had 40.3％, 54.1％ and 69.1％ chemosuppression; 26.2％, 36.9％ and 34.5％ curative effect; and 48.4％, 70.0％ and 87.4％ chemoprophylaxis.Conclusions: Both solvent fractions of C. nigricans possess antimalarial activity, and may be useful at different stages of malaria therapy.
ABSTRACT
Antecedentes: el parto pretérmino ocurre en alrededor del 5 al 10 de todos los embarazos a nivel mundial. En Ecuador la tasa varía del 4.9 al 7 siendo la principal causa de morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal. Las complicaciones se agravan dependiendo del grado de prematurez, pudiendo prevalecer éstas en años posteriores así incrementando el costo de los servicios de salud. Objetivo: determinar la resultante perinatal asociada al parto pretérmino, en la Maternidad Enrique C. Sotomayor. Metodología: estudio transversal, realizado entre junio y agosto de 2009 en la Maternidad Enrique C. Sotomayor. Se incluyó 127 neonatos con diagnóstico de prematurez. Los datos fueron rastreados por medio del programa On-base. Se recolectó datos antropométricos y patológicos. Resultados: la morbilidad total fue 64.5 y mortalidad 3.9. El promedio de peso de los prematuros extremos fue (727.8 g), talla (31.5 cm), Apgar (2 al minuto) y (5 a los cinco minutos) y un porcentaje de mortalidad, morbilidad y reanimación neonatal del 100. La complicaciones más frecuentes fueron respiratorias: prematurez extrema (100), prematurez moderada (84) y prematurez leve (35.7). Las complicaciones metabólicas fueron en: prematurez extrema (50), prematurez moderada (56) y prematurez leve (29). Al comparar los prematuros sobrevivientes de los que fallecieron, éstos tuvieron menor edad gestacional, peso, talla, y Apgar al minuto (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: en esta serie, la resultante perinatal presentó un perfil epidemiológico similar a lo descrito en la literatura. En este estudio las complicaciones respiratorias, seguidas de las metabólicas, fueron las más frecuentes.
Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Infant, Premature , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Obstetric Labor, Premature , Apgar Score , Perinatal CareABSTRACT
The aim of this study was that the past five years data were collected to analyze the situation of malaria and health facilities in this area for better understanding malaria problem and to find solutions. In this retrospective study data of the last 5 years were obtained from health center of Bandar Abbas, published papers and reports, weather forecasting organization of the city and annual reports of Hormozgan official authorities. An excel databank was created and analysis was conducted using this software. According to the national health system, Bandar Abbas also has referral net work system from periphery to the district health center. The maximum and minimum Annual Parasitic Index [API] were observed in 2005 [1.31] and 2008 [0.17], respectively. The prevalence of cases in villages was more than city, except for 2008. More than 97.6% of indigenous malaria cases were caused by Plasmodium vivax, although P. falciparum, P. ovale and mix infection were also reported. Anopheles stephensi, An. dthali and An. fluviatilis are the main malaria vectors in rural area, while only the first species is distributed in the urban area. According to results and many variables including API, Bandar Abbas is divided in two strata. From the situation analysis of Bandar Abbas it is postulated that the main activities of this district could be accuracy of data, and malaria vector control
Subject(s)
Plasmodium vivax , Plasmodium falciparum , Plasmodium ovale , Anopheles , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Heart failure (HF) is a common disease associated with increasing age. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), is a cardiac neurohormone, and is released as prepro BNP and then enzyrnatically cleaved to the Ntenninal-proBNP (NT-proBNP) and BNP upon ventricular myocyte stretch. Blood measurements of BNP have been used to identify patients with I-IF. The BNP assay is currently used as a diagnostic and prognostic aid in HF. In general, a BNP level below 100 pg/mL excludes acutely decompensated HF and levels ＞ 500 pg/ml indicate decompensation. Recombinant human BNP (hBNP, nesiritide) is an approved intravenous treatment for acute,decompensated -HF. Nesiritide given in supraphysiologic doses causes vasodilation, natriuresis, diuresis, and improved symptoms over the course of a 48-hour infusion. This paper will sort out the literature concerning the use of this peptide both as a diagnostic test and as an intravenous therapy.
ABSTRACT
La retención de placenta (RP) tiene una incidencia que varía de acuerdo al estudio y a la definición, y es de 2-3 por ciento de todos los partos vaginales y del 1.7-2 por ciento si solo se consideran las extraidas manualmente. El 5-7 por ciento de las hemorragias posparto resultan de ella. La mortalidad asociada a hemorragias posparto ha disminuido en la era actual con el advenimiento de diversos métodos para manejar el tercer estadío del trabajo de parto. Hoy por hoy, la incidencia de hemorragia posparto no supera el 7 por ciento. El manejo de la placenta en el tercer período del trabajo de parto es tema de discusión entre obstétras muy calificados. Ha habido a lo largo de la historia diversos métodos para extaer la placenta en el tiempo más prudencial...
Subject(s)
Hemorrhage , Labor Stage, Third , Placenta, RetainedABSTRACT
Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo fue el de evaluar la eficacia de la ecografía transvaginal para predecir las patologías endometriales halladas por biopsia en mujeres en edad climatérica con hemorragia uterina anormal. Diseño del Estudio: En un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal, observacional, 29 pacientes climatéricas con hemorragia uterina anormal, cuyas edades fluctuaban entre 35 y 55 años, fueron sometidas a ecografía transvaginal y posterior toma de biopsia endometrial. Se comparó el grosor endometrial y el resultado de histopatología, este último considerado como el diagnóstico definitivo. Resultados: Utilizando un valor referencial de 5mm, la Ecosonografía Transvaginal, en la predicción de las patologías endometriales...
Subject(s)
Climacteric , Endometrium , Ultrasonography , Uterine Hemorrhage , Ecuador , Hospitals, MaternityABSTRACT
Esta revisäo bibliográfica visa demonstrar a evoluçäo e a análise de medidas cefalométricas de diversos autores para a avaliaçäo do perfil facial tegumentar. Considera-se este assunto de grande importância pois, um perfil facial harmonioso é um dos objetivos do tratamento ortodôntico